| Technique | Detection Limit | Best For |
|---|---|---|
| FTIR Spectroscopy | 0.1 µg/cm² | Organic residues |
| HPLC | 1 ppm | Ionic contaminants |
| ICP-MS | 0.01 ppb | Heavy metals |
| Industry | Standard | Acceptance Limit |
|---|---|---|
| Medical | ISO 19227 | ≤0.1 mg/cm² residue |
| Semiconductor | SEMI C35 | ≤5 particles (>0.5µm)/cm² |
| Automotive | VDA 19.1 | No fibers >200 µm |
| Issue | Root Cause | Corrective Action |
|---|---|---|
| Inconsistent results | Unstable frequency | Calibrate generator annually |
| Residual detergent | Poor rinsing | Add conductivity monitoring |
| Part damage | Cavitation erosion | Reduce power density |
Conclusion
Effective ultrasonic cleaning validation requires methodical testing and data-driven adjustments. By implementing these verification techniques, manufacturers ensure repeatable cleanliness while complying with stringent industry norms.